PostgreSQL

This part is about extending the server functionality with user-defined functions, data types, triggers, etc. These are advanced topics which should probably be approached only after all the other user documentation about PostgreSQL has been understood. Later chapters in this part describe the server-side programming languages available in the PostgreSQL distribution as well as general issues concerning server-side programming languages. It is essential to read at least the earlier sections of Chapter 37 (covering functions) before diving into the material about server-side programming languages.

Table of Contents

37. Extending SQL

37.1. How Extensibility Works

37.2. The PostgreSQL Type System

37.3. User-Defined Functions

37.4. User-Defined Procedures

37.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions

37.6. Function Overloading

37.7. Function Volatility Categories

37.8. Procedural Language Functions

37.9. Internal Functions

37.10. C-Language Functions

37.11. Function Optimization Information

37.12. User-Defined Aggregates

37.13. User-Defined Types

37.14. User-Defined Operators

37.15. Operator Optimization Information

37.16. Interfacing Extensions to Indexes

37.17. Packaging Related Objects into an Extension

37.18. Extension Building Infrastructure

38. Triggers

38.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior

38.2. Visibility of Data Changes

38.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C

38.4. A Complete Trigger Example

39. Event Triggers

39.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior

39.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix

39.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C

39.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example

39.5. A Table Rewrite Event Trigger Example

40. The Rule System

40.1. The Query Tree

40.2. Views and the Rule System

40.3. Materialized Views

40.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE

40.5. Rules and Privileges

40.6. Rules and Command Status

40.7. Rules Versus Triggers

41. Procedural Languages

41.1. Installing Procedural Languages

42. PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language

42.1. Overview

42.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL

42.3. Declarations

42.4. Expressions

42.5. Basic Statements

42.6. Control Structures

42.7. Cursors

42.8. Transaction Management

42.9. Errors and Messages

42.10. Trigger Functions

42.11. PL/pgSQL under the Hood

42.12. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL

42.13. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL

43. PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language

43.1. Overview

43.2. PL/Tcl Functions and Arguments

43.3. Data Values in PL/Tcl

43.4. Global Data in PL/Tcl

43.5. Database Access from PL/Tcl

43.6. Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl

43.7. Event Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl

43.8. Error Handling in PL/Tcl

43.9. Explicit Subtransactions in PL/Tcl

43.10. Transaction Management

43.11. PL/Tcl Configuration

43.12. Tcl Procedure Names

44. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language

44.1. PL/Perl Functions and Arguments

44.2. Data Values in PL/Perl

44.3. Built-in Functions

44.4. Global Values in PL/Perl

44.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl

44.6. PL/Perl Triggers

44.7. PL/Perl Event Triggers

44.8. PL/Perl Under the Hood

45. PL/Python — Python Procedural Language

45.1. Python 2 vs. Python 3

45.2. PL/Python Functions

45.3. Data Values

45.4. Sharing Data

45.5. Anonymous Code Blocks

45.6. Trigger Functions

45.7. Database Access

45.8. Explicit Subtransactions

45.9. Transaction Management

45.10. Utility Functions

45.11. Environment Variables

46. Server Programming Interface

46.1. Interface Functions

46.2. Interface Support Functions

46.3. Memory Management

46.4. Transaction Management

46.5. Visibility of Data Changes

46.6. Examples

47. Background Worker Processes

48. Logical Decoding

48.1. Logical Decoding Examples

48.2. Logical Decoding Concepts

48.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface

48.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface

48.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding

48.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins

48.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers

48.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding

49. Replication Progress Tracking

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