PostGIS
Synopsis
geometry +`*`+ST_Centroid*(`geometry `g1`)`;
geography +`*`+ST_Centroid*(`geography `g1, boolean
use_spheroid=true`)`;
Description
Computes a point which is the geometric center of mass of a geometry.
For POINT`s, the centroid is the arithmetic mean of the
input coordinates. For [MULTI]LINESTRINGs, the centroid is
computed using the weighted length of each line segment. For
[MULTI]POLYGONs, the centroid is computed in terms of area. If
an empty geometry is supplied, an empty `GEOMETRYCOLLECTION is
returned. If NULL is supplied, NULL is returned. If
CIRCULARSTRING or COMPOUNDCURVE are supplied, they are converted
to linestring with CurveToLine first, then same than for LINESTRING
For mixed-dimension input, the result is equal to the centroid of the component Geometries of highest dimension (since the lower-dimension geometries contribute zero "weight" to the centroid).
Note that for polygonal geometries the centroid does not necessarily lie in the interior of the polygon. For example, see the diagram below of the centroid of a C-shaped polygon. To construct a point guaranteed to lie in the interior of a polygon use ST_PointOnSurface.
New in 2.3.0 : supports CIRCULARSTRING and COMPOUNDCURVE (using
CurveToLine)
Availability: 2.4.0 support for geography was introduced.
[.inlinemediaobject]
This
method implements the OGC
Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.
This method
implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 8.1.4, 9.5.5
Examples
In the following illustrations the red dot is the centroid of the source geometry.
Centroid of a |
Centroid of a |
Centroid of a |
Centroid of a |
SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Centroid('MULTIPOINT ( -1 0, -1 2, -1 3, -1 4, -1 7, 0 1, 0 3, 1 1, 2 0, 6 0, 7 8, 9 8, 10 6 )'));
st_astext
------------------------------------------
POINT(2.30769230769231 3.30769230769231)
(1 row)
SELECT ST_AsText(ST_centroid(g))
FROM ST_GeomFromText('CIRCULARSTRING(0 2, -1 1,0 0, 0.5 0, 1 0, 2 1, 1 2, 0.5 2, 0 2)') AS g ;
------------------------------------------
POINT(0.5 1)
SELECT ST_AsText(ST_centroid(g))
FROM ST_GeomFromText('COMPOUNDCURVE(CIRCULARSTRING(0 2, -1 1,0 0),(0 0, 0.5 0, 1 0),CIRCULARSTRING( 1 0, 2 1, 1 2),(1 2, 0.5 2, 0 2))' ) AS g;
------------------------------------------
POINT(0.5 1)