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These metrics describe the status of the etcd server. In order to detect outages or problems for troubleshooting, the server metrics of every production etcd cluster should be closely monitored.

All these metrics are prefixed with etcd_server_

has_leader indicates whether the member has a leader. If a member does not have a leader, it is totally unavailable. If all the members in the cluster do not have any leader, the entire cluster is totally unavailable.

leader_changes_seen_total counts the number of leader changes the member has seen since its start. Rapid leadership changes impact the performance of etcd significantly. It also signals that the leader is unstable, perhaps due to network connectivity issues or excessive load hitting the etcd cluster.

proposals_committed_total records the total number of consensus proposals committed. This gauge should increase over time if the cluster is healthy. Several healthy members of an etcd cluster may have different total committed proposals at once. This discrepancy may be due to recovering from peers after starting, lagging behind the leader, or being the leader and therefore having the most commits. It is important to monitor this metric across all the members in the cluster; a consistently large lag between a single member and its leader indicates that member is slow or unhealthy.

proposals_applied_total records the total number of consensus proposals applied. The etcd server applies every committed proposal asynchronously. The difference between proposals_committed_total and proposals_applied_total should usually be small (within a few thousands even under high load). If the difference between them continues to rise, it indicates that the etcd server is overloaded. This might happen when applying expensive queries like heavy range queries or large txn operations.

proposals_pending indicates how many proposals are queued to commit. Rising pending proposals suggests there is a high client load or the member cannot commit proposals.

proposals_failed_total are normally related to two issues: temporary failures related to a leader election or longer downtime caused by a loss of quorum in the cluster.

These metrics describe the status of the disk operations.

All these metrics are prefixed with etcd_disk_.

A wal_fsync is called when etcd persists its log entries to disk before applying them.

A backend_commit is called when etcd commits an incremental snapshot of its most recent changes to disk.

High disk operation latencies (wal_fsync_duration_seconds or backend_commit_duration_seconds) often indicate disk issues. It may cause high request latency or make the cluster unstable.

These metrics describe the status of the network.

All these metrics are prefixed with etcd_network_

peer_sent_bytes_total counts the total number of bytes sent to a specific peer. Usually the leader member sends more data than other members since it is responsible for transmitting replicated data.

peer_received_bytes_total counts the total number of bytes received from a specific peer. Usually follower members receive data only from the leader member.

These metrics are exposed via go-grpc-prometheus.

Abnormally high snapshot duration (snapshot_save_total_duration_seconds) indicates disk issues and might cause the cluster to be unstable.